Cervical Cancer

The cervix is the female reproductive system that is the bottom of the uterus or womb. Uterus and the cervix is located in the basin, above the vagina, and between the rectum and bladder. The cervix is part of the birth canal, which opens into the vagina.

Cervical surface layer consists mainly of squamous cells. Tues carcinoma, which affects the integration of the cervix with endometrial glandular cells in the cervix. Integration of the so-called squamo intersection between the vertical and the cervical area outside of this intersection is called the transition zone. Cervical cancer occurs when cells in the cervix grow out of control, usually in the transition zone. When cells grow unchecked, can spread and grow throughout the cervix and can invade and destroy neighboring organs or separation, and spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body.

Doctors who provide care for women is a routine pelvic examination and Papanicolaou (Pap) diverted to detect cancer cells at the surface of the cervix. During the cervical smear, and includes samples of cervical cells taken with a wooden spoon or a small brush and examined under a microscope. May become the first woman to realize that they have cervical cancer when suspicious areas identified during a pelvic exam or an abnormal Pap smear. If suspicious lesions or pre-cancer and found, and recommended additional tests to determine whether pre-cancerous lesions or invasive cancer was present.

Cells taken from the surface of the cervix may appear normal, but probably not cancer. Abnormal cells, however, can be the first step in a series of changes that lead to cancer. Doctors refer to the abnormal cells as “pre-cancerous” and use different terms to refer to it, such as squamous intraepithelial lesions, digestive disorders, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or carcinoma in situ. Disease before the cancer involves only the surface of the cervix. When the abnormal cells begin to spread more deeply into the cervix, they are referred to as cervical cancer.

If the doctors feel that they need more information following a Pap smear is abnormal, it may be used colposcope (lighted microscope) to better visualize the cervix, or for biopsy, which is the removal of cervical tissue samples, to assess the cells the cervix under a microscope. If doctors can not determine whether abnormal cells are the only one on the surface of the cervix, an endocervical curettage or conization may be recommended. Through the endocervical curettage, a small spoon-shaped instrument called a curette is used to remove the cells away from the opening of the cervix. And conization or remove a cone-shaped cone biopsy sample of cervical tissue tract. Conization can also serve as the primary treatment for cervical cancer before the cancer.

Rarely, it may still not clear whether the cells are abnormal cells confined to the cervix or arising out of the womb. In this case, has recommended the expansion and curettage (D and C), to be. During the D and C, and the opening of the cervix is stretched (dilated), and inserted curette to remove cells from the lining of the uterus and cervix. To learn more about the latest available information on cervical cancer treatment, and click on the appropriate stage.

Stage 0: precancerous lesions involve only the surface of cells in the cervix.

Phase I: not only to cervical cancer, and can obviously only in the evaluation of microscopic (stage A) and clear or visible, or by physical examination (phase B).

Stage II: Cancer has spread beyond the cervix to surrounding tissues including the cervix (parametria) or at the top of the vagina.

Phase III: beyond cervical cancer in the vagina or less on both sides of the basin, or causing blockage of kidney drainage, a condition called hydronephrosis.

Phase IV: Cancer of the cervix adjacent to attack structures such as the bladder or rectum or has spread to other parts of the body such as the liver or lungs.