Two types of bone cancer, primary and secondary schools. Primary bone cancers arise in bone or tissue adjacent to the bone, such as connective tissue. Secondary bone cancer, also known as bone metastases, cancer that arises elsewhere in the body, and then spread to the bone. Cells in bone metastases resemble the cells of origin of cancer. It’s not bone cells that become cancerous, as in the case of primary bone cancer.

Early cancer of the bone: the most common type of bone cancer include primary osteosarcoma, Chondrosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. Osteosarcoma developed in a network of new bone growth occurs most often in children and adolescents. Chondrosarcoma arising in the cartilage, a type of connective tissue that forms a protective layer between the ends of bones. Ewing ’s sarcoma arising in the nervous tissue in immature bone marrow. Types of bone cancer also occurs more frequently in children and adolescents. Less common bone cancers include malignant fibrous histocytoma and fibrosarcoma. Cancer is similar to osteosarcoma in that it occurs primarily in the body, but they occur in adults.

Transition or cancer of the bone (secondary bone cancer): Apart from the fact that most cancers can spread to the invasion or bone, the most common cancers that spread in the bone was multiple myeloma, breast, prostate, lung, kidney, and thyroid cancer. Ribs, pelvis and spine and the bones are usually affected by the first bone metastases, while bones more distant from the center frame is less frequently affected. It is not understood why some cancers metastasize to bone more than others. However, some general observations about bone metastases are as follows:

* Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer spread to bone, followed by prostate, and lung cancer.
* Cancer, or cancer arising from tissue that covers or cover organs, are more likely to metastasize to bone sarcomas, cancers that arise in the connective tissue (cartilage, fat, or muscle).
* Bone metastases from kidney cancer can occur many years after initial cancer was treated.

Signs and symptoms of bone cancer

The first symptom of bone cancer is usually pain or pain in the cancer. Bone pain caused by stretching periosteum (the thick membrane covering the bone) of the cancer, or by stimulating nerves in the bone. Bone pain may be difficult to distinguish from ordinary low back pain or arthritis. Often the pain of a malignant tumor of bone is fixed to a certain extent, even at night. Could be worse in various positions, such as standing, which can be pressure from the cancer in the bones bear the weight. If the pain for more than one or two weeks, apparently did not go, and unlike other pain that may be experienced, and should be evaluated by a doctor.

Patients also may have a broken and sick at the first sign of bone cancer. And breaking is to break the bone pain due to problems in the bone itself, rather than external factors, such as style. Pathological fracture caused when the cancer destroys enough bone framework that is no longer able to support a natural body function.
Diagnosis of bone cancer

Is bone cancer can be evaluated using both tests radiology, and surgery, or blood tests.

Radiologist

Radiological examination, including X-ray, bone scan, the study of the framework, and still the best way to assess bone cancer.

X-ray when the patient experiences pain, suspected to be the result of bone cancer, and the first step in diagnosis is usually X-rays near the area of pain. When enough bone health in any area subject to far greater number of mobile, the affected area also shows a dark place in the X-ray that looks like the holes in the bone.

Bone scan is more comprehensive tests used to diagnose bone cancer is a type of X-ray called a bone scan. In this test, and low level radioactive particles are injected into a vein. They circulate through the body and selectively retrieve the bones. High concentrations of radioactive particles indicates the existence of cancer cells that grow quickly.

Survey framework for diagnosis of blastic lesions, or lesions where extra bone has been established and can be used for the survey framework. This is a form of X-rays. Usually an X-ray is selective for a particular area of concern, but with the framework of study, and all areas that have been photographed. All patients who suffered from multiple myeloma and many with breast cancer had a scan to detect skeletal metastases who have symptoms can be observed.

At other times, other measures of radiation can be used to assess bone cancer, such as CT scans calculated (CAT) scans and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan, or Chamber of Commerce and scan.

Surgical Biopsy

Either needle biopsy or incisional biopsy may also be useful for diagnosis of bone cancer. During a needle biopsy, the surgeon makes a small hole in the bone, and remove the tumor tissue samples with a needle like instrument. In incisional biopsy, a surgeon cuts into the tumor and remove tissue samples. This network then examined under a microscope to determine whether the cancer. Biopsy is best performed by an orthopedic oncologist with expertise in the diagnosis of cancer involving bone.

Blood Tests

Bone cancer early detection is essential for effective management. In the past, pain and fractures are often the first signs of cancer involving bone. Unfortunately, when these signs occur, the cancer cells already exist, and began to affect the overall health of the patient’s bone. Depending on the signs and usually causes delay in the diagnosis of bone cancer. Blood tests that can detect the presence of bone cancers before they manifest in pain or fractures may be useful in identifying patients who will benefit from treatment before complications develop.

Cancer of the bone cause an increase in bone remodeling activity. Normal bone continuously formed, or destroyed and rebuilt. Interfere with the cancer cells a balance between the activity of cells, eating (the cells that destroy bone) and osteoblasts (cells that build bone). When the cancer cells in the bone, and some proteins, genes, or derivatives of the building blocks of bone are produced at higher levels than during normal remodeling.

Measuring levels of these substances, called the Biomarkers, and may be useful for the diagnosis of cancer involving bone. Higher levels can indicate that the cancer has developed. Although most Biomarkers are not used routinely for the diagnosis of bone cancer at this time, and some are very useful, while others are promising for the future.

Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) is an enzyme found in cells involved in bone formation, called osteoblasts. Assessment of basic skills have been used for years to detect increased bone formation activity. BSAP levels increased in patients suffering from bone cancer and other conditions that cause increased bone remodeling. An increase in the assessment of basic skills has been detected patients with malignant bone tumor arising from prostate cancer, and to a lesser extent, in bone metastases from breast cancer. Unfortunately, assessment of basic skills are not very specific for cancer because alkaline phosphatase is also produced by other organs, and can be higher than other conditions. However, you can monitoring and evaluation of basic skills in patients known to be at risk of bone metastases.